| Gemstone |
| Coral |
 
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Coral as a gemstone has been used for adornment since pre-historic times. It was also considered to be a powerful talisman against bad luck, injuries and accidents. It has colors ranging from white to red and there are some black corals also. As seen in the coral reef, it's formation in underwater colonies look more like trees. Coral colonies are found in the Mediterranean Sea or in the Pacific, off Japan and Taiwan.
Corals are most valuable when they are available in the colors red, black or pink. It being very soft as compared to the other gemstones, has to be stored very carefully to avoid scratches and should be kept away from all chemicals, even those which are not corrosive. |
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| Diamond |
 
 
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Diamond is the hardest mineral on earth, combined with exceptional luster and a brilliant fire, diamonds happen to be the most highly priced substance on earth. Diamonds, which have a transparency of 100 percent, are the most popular. They are also available in colors from yellow and brown to green, blue, pink, red, gray, and black depending on the impurities present. Being very hard, only a diamond can cut or polish another diamond.
Exceptionally high temperatures and pressures are necessary to form diamonds. This can be found only at depths of 80 kilometers underground. India and Brazil used to be the primary producers of diamonds, mainly sifted out of river gravel. Since the discovery of diamond in the Kimberly rock, South Africa in 1870, it is the biggest diamond producer in the world. Other countries are Ghana, Sierra Leone, Zaire, Botswana, Namibia, the former USSR, the USA, and Brazil. Diamonds are graded by color, cut, clarity, and carat (weight)- the four "C's". |
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| Emerald |
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The natural color of Emerald is green, which is considered to be the color of spring, and it is this reason that emerald symbolizes love and rebirth. Emerald, which has been around for almost 4000 years now is said to be good for both the mind and the heart. The Mughal emperors of India valued emeralds so much that they were given a place in their sacred texts - these emperors included Shah Jahan, the emperor who built the Taj Mahal.
Emerald is the birthstone for the month of May. It is also the gemstone for the 20th marriage anniversary. In short, a symbol of perfect love. Ancient emeralds are generally from deposits in Egypt what is now Afghanistan. Columbia is considered to be the source of best emeralds in the world. Zambia, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Pakistan and Russia also produce fine emeralds. The most important factor, which is looked into when buying an Emerald is it's color, the more green the emerald, the more expensive it is. Emeralds are generally treated with oil, which is used to fill up the fissures and cracks in it's structure. Emeralds are cut in a rectangular step-cut which is also called the emerald cut. Apart from this, the other shapes in which emeralds are cut, are round, oval, pear, and marquise. Due to their rich colour, emeralds are also cut in cabochon (smooth dome-shaped). A rare transparent, dark green emerald can be more valuable than a diamond of the same size! |
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| Garnet |
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Garnet is a gemstone for all seasons. They are a closely related group of gemstones that are available in every color. Dark reds, tangerine orange, vivid lime green, soft bluish-pink, garnet is all these colors and more. Garnets have long been carried by travellers to protect them against accidents. The name garnet probably comes from pomegranate. Most people think automatically of small dark red gemstones, even though this is only one aspect of the world of garnets.
Garnet is the birthstone for January. Rhodolite, Malaya, Demantoid, Grossular, Hessonite, Spessartite, Almandine, Mandarin, and combinations between these are some of the varieties of garnets. One of the most popular is rhodolite garnet, which ranges from pink to purplish red in colour and is mined in Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. Tsavorite garnet is bright yellow green to grass green and is mined in Tanzania and Kenya. Demantoid garnet, a bright green colour with dazzling brilliance, is the most valuable since it is very rare. They are found in Russia, China, Korea, U.S.A., Namibia are Zaire. Others countries include Myanmar, China, Madagascar, Sri -lanka and South Africa. |
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